Title Deed Procedures in Turkey

The Foundation of Title Deed Transactions: Why Are They So Important?

Title deed procedures are vital for securing ownership rights. A title deed is not just a document—it is proof that property ownership is guaranteed by the state. Without an official title deed transfer, sales agreements are only valid between the parties and have no legal recognition. For foreigners in particular, the title deed provides official security for their investments. Title deeds not only protect investors’ rights over the property but also create economic stability and trust, contributing to a reliable investment environment both domestically and internationally.

Another advantage of title deeds is taxation. Property tax and capital gains tax obligations are arranged based on title deed records. Thus, title deeds serve as a cornerstone not only for securing ownership but also for maintaining legal and economic order.

How Are Title Deed Transactions Carried Out in Turkey?

Title deed transfers are handled by the General Directorate of Land Registry and Cadastre. For anyone wishing to buy or sell property in Turkey, understanding this process correctly is crucial.

• Preliminary checks: Information on the property’s title deed, ownership, and legal status must be verified. It should be checked whether the property has any liens, mortgages, or other restrictions.

• Appointment: The first step is to book an appointment either online or via the call center Alo 181. This system allows citizens to carry out their transactions without waiting and reduces bureaucracy.

• Required documents: ID cards (or passports for foreigners), photographs, tax number (for foreigners), and all necessary property-related documents are required. If any documents are missing, the process cannot be completed.

• Appraisal report: Mandatory for foreigners; it determines the property’s actual market value. This report ensures a fair and legal transaction, and it may also be required by banks in mortgage purchases.

• Fees and revolving fund payment: The title deed fee is usually calculated as 4% of the sale price (shared between buyer and seller).

Title Deed Transactions for Foreigners

Foreign investors can purchase real estate in Turkey, but there are certain restrictions:

• Basic documents required: passport, tax number, photographs.

• Foreigners cannot acquire property exceeding 10% of the total district area.

• Additional restrictions apply to properties close to military zones.

• Agricultural land purchases require permission from the Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry.

• Strategic regions may require extra approvals under the Law on Prohibited and Security Zones.

• Foreigners can obtain Turkish citizenship if they purchase real estate worth at least USD 400,000 under the citizenship-by-investment program.

Title Deed Fees and Costs

Real estate transactions in Turkey include several fees:

• Title deed fee: 4% of the sale price (usually split equally between buyer and seller, but alternative agreements are possible).

• Revolving fund fee: A fixed fee per transaction, varying by type of process.

• Appraisal fee: Mandatory for foreigners, ranging between 5,000–10,000 TL.

• Notary and translation costs: Foreigners must use sworn translators and notarize documents since all paperwork is in Turkish.

Frequently Asked Questions About Title Deed Transactions in Turkey

 

Is it necessary for both parties to be present for the transfer?
No, a power of attorney can be used. However, it must be notarized and translated if necessary.

How long does the title deed process take?
If documents are complete and there is no backlog, usually 1–3 business days.

What happens if the declared sale price differs from the appraisal report?
For foreigners, the appraisal value determines the minimum sale price. A lower value cannot be declared.

Can more than one person co-own a title deed?
Yes, joint ownership is possible—either as fractional shares or collective ownership.

What if the title deed is lost?
Losing the document does not eliminate ownership rights. A new title deed can be issued by applying to the Land Registry Office.